RESUMO A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Brasil, pertencente à família Apocynaceae. Seu cultivo é predominantemente extrativista e suas propriedades antioxidantes têm sido recentemente relatadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em frutos de acessos oriundos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT e TC). Os extratos foram analisados em cromatografía líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e identificou-se o ácido clorogênico (93,71 - 131,66 mg.100g-1); ácido ferúlico (0,85 - 2,27 mg.100g-1) e rutina (238,59 - 442,94 mg.100g-1). Os acessos CA e PR apresentaram os maiores valores de fenóis totais (1179,39 e 1167,05 mg EAG.100g-1, respectivamente). Os acessos CA e TC apresentaram a maior concentração do composto majoritário rutina (436,78 e 442,94 mg.100g-1, respectivamente). Os valores da atividade antioxidante variaram entre 125,95 e 158,67 g.g-1 DPPH. A análise de componentes principais agrupou os acessos em quatro grupos, em consequência da variabilidade genética previamente verificada em estudos anteriores. Os resultados serão úteis para direcionar ações de seleção e futuro programa de melhoramento genético da espécie.

ABSTRACT Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit species native to Brazil, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Its cultivation is predominantly extractivist and its antioxidant properties have been recently reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of accession from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT and TC). The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which identified chlorogenic acid (93.71 - 131.66 mg.100g-1), ferulic acid (0.85 - 2.27 mg.100g-1) and rutin (238.59 -442.94 mg.100g-1). The accessions CA and PR showed the highest values of total phenols (1179.39 and 1167.05 mg GAE.100g-1, respectively). The accessions CA and TC had the highest concentration of the major compound rutin (436.78 and 442.94 mg.100g-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity values ranged from 125.95 to 158.67 g.g-1 DPPH. Principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four groups, due to the genetic variability verified in previous studies. The results will be useful to guide actions of selection and future breeding program of the species.

Resumo O pólen coletado pelas abelhas eussociais é frequentemente relatado como um alimento saudável devido às suas propriedades nutricionais e terapêuticas importantes. Entretanto, estudos relatando tais propriedades são raros, especialmente para o pólen coletado pelo gênero Melipona, no Nordeste brasileiro, que é o foco desta pesquisa. O pólen de sete espécies de abelhas sem ferrão foi analisado quanto à composição nutricional (açúcar, lipídios, proteínas e aminoácidos). O perfil fenólico foi descrito utilizando 14 fenóis (apigenina, kaempferol, luteolina, narigerina, rutina, ácido gálico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cafeico, ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido abscísico, ácido protocatecuico, ácido vanílico e ácido trans-cinâmico). A propriedade antioxidante foi analisada pela quantificação de fenóis totais, flavonoides totais e DPPH. Para a identificação e quantificação de compostos fenólicos e aminoácidos, foram utilizados métodos cromatográficos. As amostras de pólen das abelhas em estudo apresentaram boas concentrações de proteínas e aminoácidos, e potencial antioxidante. Os compostos fenólicos luteolina, ácido trans-cinâmico e apigenina foram identificados e descritos pela primeira vez em pólen. Entre os aminoácidos analisados, asparagina, ácido glutâmico, leucina e prolina apresentaram maior concentração. A busca por pesquisas relacionadas ao tema mostrou que este é um dos primeiros estudos com identificação e quantificação de compostos fenólicos e aminoácidos do pólen de abelhas sem ferrão, refletindo sua importância no uso terapêutico e como suplemento alimentar.

Abstract The pollen collected by eusocial bees is often reported as being healthy food due to its important nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, studies reporting such properties are rare, especially for pollen collected by the genus Melipona in northeastern Brazil, which is the focus of this research. Pollen from seven species of stingless bees was analysed for its nutritional composition (sugar, lipid, protein and amino acids). The phenolic compound profile was described based on fourteen phenolic compounds (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringin, rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, abscisic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and trans-cinnamic acid). The antioxidant property was analysed by quantifying of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and DPPH. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids. The pollen samples from the bees under study showed good concentrations of proteins and amino acids and good antioxidant potential. The phenolic compounds luteolin, trans-cinnamic acid and apigenin were identified and described in pollen for the first time. Of the amino acids analysed, asparigine, glutamic acid, leucine and proline showed the highest concentrations. The research related to the theme showed that this is one of the first studies to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and amino acids in stingless bee pollen, reflecting its importance in therapeutic use and as a food supplement.

The objective this study was to evaluated the influence of silica modified with protic ionic liquid (PIL) on an immobilized biocatalyst by covalent binding of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) in a PBR and in the transesterification reaction, by characterization and mass transfer of the system studied. The results showed that maximum conversion of ethyl esters was 39 ± 1.73% at 96 h (IB on control silica) and 47 ± 2.0% in 72 h (IB on modified silica). The PIL also influenced the analysis of residence time distribution (RTD) with the mean time ranging from 14.94 (control silica) to 25 min (modified silica). Variation of the reaction parameters (temperature, flow rate and molar ratio) positively influenced the mass transfer coefficient (kc) which varied from 0.95 × 10−4 to 2.39 × 10−4 m s−1 (IB on control silica) and from 1.22 × 10−4 to 3.06 × 10−4 m s−1 (IB on modified silica).

Abstract Honey from stingless bees of the genus Melipona is a well sought product. Nevertheless lack of legal frameworks for quality assessment complicates the evaluation of food safety and marketing of these products. Seeking to assess the quality of honey from the bees of this genus, physical and chemical analyses, identification of phenolic compounds, and microbiological evaluation from six species of stingless bees was performed. The honey samples showed high reducing sugars, low protein levels and a balanced microbiota. High total phenols and flavonoids and higher antioxidant activity were also recorded. Different phenolic compounds of great biotechnological potential were identified and of these apigenin, kaempferol and luteolin were identified for the first time in honey. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few works describing a detail characterization of melipona honey together with identification of the phenolic compounds of significant therapeutic value.

Although the production of liquid fuels from coal, natural gas (CTL and GTL processes) and other carbon sources has been discovered 90 years ago, the interest was renewed in the last years motivated by stranded gas reserves and by petroleum market instability. This review intends to show the scenario of these technologies nowadays, discussing the applied technologies, the steps in an industrial plant, the ways to produce syngas and liquid fuels, the catalysts used, the type of reactors and the operating plants with their respective capacities, besides the technical, economical and environmental viability, challenges and perspectives for Brazil.